Aside from this, it is his name that the naming of “America”was coined. [13] Starting in the late 1490s Vespucci participated in two voyages to the New World that are relatively well-documented in the historical record. [5] Meanwhile he continued to show an interest in geography, at one point buying an expensive map made by the master cartographer Gabriel de Vallseca. His motivations for leaving Florence are unclear; he continued to transact some business on behalf of his Medici patrons but more and more he became involved with Berardi's other activities, most notably his support of Christopher Columbus's voyages. Although Vespucci subsequently helped to prepare other expeditions, he never again joined one in person. Several scholars now believe that Vespucci did not write the two published letters in the form in which they circulated during his lifetime. After being educated by his uncle, Vespucci himself worked for the Medicis as a banker and later supervisor of their ship-outfitting business, which operated in Seville, Spain. What was his role on the voyages and what did he learn? [14] Others point to the inconsistencies in the narrative of the voyage, particularly the alleged course, starting near Honduras and proceeding northwest for 870 leagues (about 5,130 km or 3,190 mi)–a course that would have taken them across Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. Historian Fernández-Armesto speculates that she may have been the illegitimate offspring of celebrated military leader, the "Grand Captain", a connection that would have been very useful to Vespucci. He was paid an annual salary of 50,000 "maravedis" with an extra 25,000 for expenses. Vespucci, who had obtained Spanish citizenship, held this position until his death. Vespucci and his backers financed two of the four ships in the small fleet. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? With Amerigo Vespucci, however, was the son of his brother Antonio, Giovanni, who was born on 6 March, 1486, and who was named piloto mayor in 1512, upon the death of his predecessor and uncle, Amerigo. Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed la bella Simonetta, was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. Amerigo Vespucci was a Florentine merchant and navigator who made at least two transatlantic trips to the New World, voyages that inspired cartographer Martin Wardseemüller to label the new continent "America" in 1507. Amerigo Vespucci. Other modern historians and popular writers have taken varying positions on Vespucci's letters and voyages, espousing two, three, or four voyages and supporting or denying the authenticity of his two printed letters. The Americas take their name from the Latin form of "Amerigo." [30] His nephew Giovanni was hired into the "Casa de Contratación" where he spent his subsequent years spying on behalf of the Florentine state.[31]. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci was born on March 9th, 1454 in Florence. At the beginning of 1505 he was summoned to the court of Spain for a private consultation and, as a man of experience, was engaged to work for the famous Casa de Contratación de las Indias (Commercial House for the Indies), which had been founded two years before at Sevilla. Rico was born in Brooklyn, New York. On this date in the year 1454, Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer and mapmaker for whom America is named, was born. How many voyages did he make? Upon landing they encountered a hostile band of natives who killed and ate one of the crewmen. Their objective in Paris was to obtain French support for Florence's war with Naples. The suggestion caught on; the extension of the name to North America, however, came later. Turning south, he is believed to have discovered the mouth of the Amazon River and to have gone as far as Cape St. Augustine (latitude about 6° S). In the early 16th century, he showed that the New World was not part of Asia but was, in fact, its own distinct area. Although Amerigo was ten years older, they had been schoolmates under the tutelage of Giorgio Antonio Vespucci. He assumed they were on the coast of Asia and hoped by heading south they would, according to the Greek geographer Ptolemy, round the unidentified "Cape of Cattigara" and reach the Indian Ocean. [4] Amerigo's career path seemed less certain; instead of following his brothers to the university, he remained in Florence and was tutored by his uncle, Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, a Dominican friar in the monastery of San Marco. But the Spanish government did not welcome his proposals, and at the end of 1500 Vespucci went into the service of Portugal. Vespucci's findings have been lost but Capponi returned to Florence around this time and Berardi took over the Medici business in Seville. A few days ago I wrote you at some length about my return from those new regions we searched for and found with the fleet, at the expense and by the command of the most serene King of Portugal, and which can properly be called a "New World", since our forebears had absolutely no knowledge of it, nor do any of those who are hearing about it today...On 7 August 1501,[b] we dropped our anchor off the shores of that new land, thanking God with solemn prayers and the celebration of the Mass. Vespucci died on 22 February 1512. [48], 15th and 16th-century Italian explorer, financier, navigator, and cartographer, This article is about the explorer. In 1538, Gerardus Mercator used America to name both the North and South continents on his influential map. [44], Vespucci has been called "the most enigmatic and controversial figure in early American history. This is perhaps the most controversial of Vespucci's voyages and many historians doubt that it took place as described. After years of controversy, the authenticity of the three complete letters was convincingly demonstrated by Alberto Magnaghi in 1924. Vespucci was the son of Nastagio, a notary. The Italian voyager died on February 22, 1512, in Sevilla, Spain. [4] In 1482, when his father died, Amerigo went to work for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, head of a junior branch of the Medici family. Amerigo did not go to elementary, middle, or high school. When Berardi died, either at the end of 1495 or at the beginning of 1496, Vespucci became manager of the Sevilla agency. On returning, Vespucci entered the “bank” of Lorenzo and Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici and gained the confidence of his employers. A letter, written to Piero Soderini and published in 1504, purports to be an account by Vespucci of a voyage to the New World, leaving Spain on 10 May 1497 and returning in October 1498. Traditionally, Vespucci's voyages are referred to as the "first" through "fourth", even by historians who refute one or more of the trips. Updates? [21], Coelho's armada of three ships left Lisbon in May 1501. Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454–February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer and cartographer. Not much is known about his personal life other than the fact that he was married to a woman called Maria Cerezo. In his new role, Vespucci was responsible for ensuring that ships' pilots were adequately trained and licensed before sailing to the New World. Sailing south along the coast they found friendlier natives and were able to engage in some minor trading. Amerigo "Rico" Vespucci, 71, of Port St. Lucie, Florida passed away January 4, 2019. He died of malaria on February 22, 1512 at his home in Seville, Spain. Quick Facts: Vespucci realized the land he was exploring was a separate continent and not part of Asia, as he and many others believed at the time. In 1505, he was made a citizen of Castile by royal decree and in 1508, he was appointed to the newly created position of chief navigator for Spain's Casa de Contratación (House of Trade) in Seville, a post he held until his death in 1512. With Amerigo Vespucci, however, was the son of his brother Antonio, Giovanni, who was born on 6 March, 1486, and who was named piloto mayor in 1512, upon the death of his predecessor and uncle, Amerigo. The proposal is perpetuated in a large planisphere of Waldseemüller’s, in which the name America appears for the first time, although applied only to South America. As an educated young man, Vespucci began working for local bankers and financiers. Born: 9-Mar -1454. They continued south for another 40 leagues (about 240 km or 150 mi) before encountering a very strong adverse current which they could not overcome. Amerigo's role is not clear, but it was likely as an attache or private secretary. Death. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Within a few years of the publication of his two letters, the European public became aware of the newly discovered continents of the Americas. In 1506, they obtained a French translation of the Soderini Letter as well as a Portuguese maritime map that detailed the coast of lands recently discovered in the western Atlantic. What did Ernest Giles cross in 1875? On 22 February 1512, Amerigo Vespucci passed away at Seville. After Hispaniola they made a brief slave raid in the Bahamas, capturing 232 natives, and then returned to Spain. "[45] The debate has become known among historians as the "Vespucci question." [5], Amerigo's two older brothers, Antonio and Girolamo, were sent to the University of Pisa for their education; Antonio followed his father to become a notary, while Girolamo entered the Church and joined the Knights Templar in Rhodes. [12] Historians have differed sharply on the authorship, accuracy and veracity of these documents. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... A famous Italian navigator, born at Florence, 9 March, 1451; died at Seville, 22 February, 1512. He was also charged with compiling a "model map" based on input from pilots who were obligated to share what they learned after each voyage. His reputation as an explorer and navigator continued to grow and his recent service in Portugal did not seem to damage his standing with King Ferdinand. Amerigo Vespucci (/vɛˈspuːtʃi/;[1] Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived. At 23° S they found a bay which they named Rio de Janeiro because it was 1 January 1502. In March 1508, he was named chief pilot for the "Casa de Contratación" or House of Commerce which served as a central trading house for Spain's overseas possessions. [39], Knowledge of Vespucci's voyages relies almost entirely on a handful of letters written by him or attributed to him. It is uncertain whether Vespucci took part in yet another expedition (1503–04) for the Portuguese government (it is said that he may have been with one under Gonzalo Coelho). It was decorated with prominent portraits of Ptolemy and Vespucci and, for the first time, the name America was applied to a map of the New World. Vespucci was employed by the Florentine Medici family as a representative for their operations in Seville, Spain. Birthplace: Florence, Italy. In 1495, Berardi signed a contract with the crown to send 12 resupply ships to Hispaniola but then died unexpectedly in December without completing the terms of the contract. Until the 1930s the documents of the first series were considered from the point of view of the order of the four voyages. Humboldt also called into question the assertion that Vespucci recognized that he had encountered a new continent. [9][10], Sometime after he settled in Seville, Vespucci married a Spanish woman, Maria Cerezo. Our latest episode for parents features the topic of empathy. In 1924, Alberto Magnaghi published the results of his exhaustive review of Vespucci's writings and relevant cartography. The king wanted to know the extent of this new discovery and determine where it lay in relation to the line established by the Treaty of Tordesillas. Omissions? Amerigo served first as a household manager and then gradually took on increasing responsibilities, handling various business dealings for the family both at home and abroad. A map created in 1507 by Martin Waldseemüller was the first to depict this new continent with the name "America," a Latinized version of "Amerigo." The voyage completed by Vespucci between May 1499 and June 1500 as navigator of an expedition of four ships sent from Spain under the command of Alonso de Ojeda is certainly authentic. And by a king, no less. Instead, he may have served as a commercial representative on behalf of the fleet's investors. [18], The armada left Spain on 18 May 1499 and stopped first in the Canary Islands before reaching South America somewhere near present-day Surinam or French Guiana. Vespucci claimed to have understood, back in 1501 during his Portuguese expedition, that Brazil was part of a different continent, which he called the New World. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Some scholars have held Vespucci to be a usurper of the merits of others. Amerigo Vespucci. Coelho left Cape Verde in June and from this point, Vespucci's account is the only surviving record of their explorations. Naturalized Castilian in the year 1505, he dedicated himself to commerce in Spain in the 15th century and was hired by the Medicis who were a powerful and wealthy family of the time. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. For information concerning him, see Harrisse, "The Discovery of … [17] His role on the voyage is not clear. He actively participated in two exploratory trips in the New World, what we know today as America. He was educated by his uncle, Fra Giorgio Antionia Vespucci, who was a friar belonging to the Dominical Order in San Marco, Florence. They suggest that they were fabrications based in part on genuine Vespucci letters. Both publications were extremely popular and widely read across much of Europe. Yet, despite the possibly deceptive claims made by him or advanced on his behalf, he was a genuine pioneer of Atlantic exploration and a vivid contributor to the early travel literature of the New World. Vespucci’s ships anchored at Lisbon on July 22, 1502. [25], By early 1505, Vespucci was back in Seville. Felipe Fernández-Armesto (2007) calls the authenticity question "inconclusive", and hypothesizes that the first voyage was probably another version of the second; the third is unassailable, and the fourth is probably true.[47]. The period during which Vespucci made his voyages falls between 1497 and 1504. Most historians now accept them as the work of Vespucci but aspects of the accounts are still disputed. His father, Ser Nastagio, was a Florentine Notary. Very little is known about her; Vespucci's will refers to her as the daughter of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba. Two others have been alleged but the evidence is more problematical. [7][8], Vespucci was the executor of Berardi's will, collecting debts and paying outstanding obligations for the firm. He supposed that the ships, once past this point, emerged into the seas of southern Asia. Since Vespucci took part as navigator, he certainly cannot have been inexperienced; but it does not seem possible that he had made a previous voyage (1497–98) in this area (i.e., around the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast from Florida to Chesapeake Bay), though this matter remains unresolved. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Amerigo Vespucci (9 Mar 1454–22 Feb 1512), Find a Grave Memorial no. Vespucci thought he had sailed along the coast of the extreme easterly peninsula of Asia, where Ptolemy, the geographer, believed the market of Cattigara to be; so he looked for the tip of this peninsula, calling it Cape Cattigara. At the end of 1491 their agent, Giannotto Berardi, appears to have been engaged partly in fitting out ships; and Vespucci was probably present when Christopher Columbus returned from his first expedition, which Berardi had assisted. They surmised that this was the "new world" or the "antipodes" hypothesized by classical writers. While Magnaghi has been one of the chief proponents of a two-voyage narrative, Roberto Levellier was an influential Argentinian historian who endorsed the authenticity of all Vespucci's letters and proposed the most extensive itinerary for his four voyages.[46]. Test your knowledge of the world’s explorers by taking this quiz. A Florentine navigator and pilot major of Castile, Spain, Amerigo Vespucci, for whom America is named, played a major part in exploring the New World. Under Portuguese auspices Vespucci completed a second expedition, which set off from Lisbon on May 13, 1501. [5], By 1492 Vespucci had settled permanently in Seville. He dispatched Vespucci to investigate the situation and provide an assessment of a suggested replacement, Florentine merchant Gianotto Berardi. Vespucci was born on 9 March 1454, in Florence, a wealthy Italian city-state and a center of Renaissance art and learning. Amerigo's later writings demonstrated a familiarity with the work of the classic Greek cosmographers, Ptolemy and Strabo, and the more recent work of Florentine astronomer Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. Once there, we determined that the new land was not an island but a continent... Vespucci's voyages became widely known in Europe after two accounts attributed to him were published between 1503 and 1505. From there Vespucci continued up the South American coast to the Gulf of Paria and along the shore of what is now Venezuela. [3] The family resided in the District of Santa Lucia d'Ognissanti along with other families of the Vespucci clan. In 1479 he accompanied another relation, sent by the famous Italian Medici family to be their spokesman to the king of France. Vespucci was born on 9 March 1454, in Florence, a wealthy Italian city-state and a center of Renaissance art and learning. In 1508 the house appointed him chief navigator, a post of great responsibility, which included the examination of the pilots’ and ships’ masters’ licenses for voyages. Vespucci estimated their latitude at 32° S but experts now estimate they were closer to 25° S. Their homeward journey is unclear since Vespucci left a confusing record of astronomical observations and distances travelled. Who wrote Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa? Amerigo Vespucci was born on March 9, 1454, in Florence, Italy. He left most of his modest estate, including five household slaves, to his wife. The voyage of 1501–02 is of fundamental importance in the history of geographic discovery in that Vespucci himself, and scholars as well, became convinced that the newly discovered lands were not part of Asia but a “New World.” In 1507 a humanist, Martin Waldseemüller, reprinted at Saint-Dié in Lorraine the “Quattuor Americi navigationes” (“Four Voyages of Amerigo”), preceded by a pamphlet of his own entitled “Cosmographiae introductio,” and he suggested that the newly discovered world be named “ab Americo Inventore…quasi Americi terram sive Americam” (“from Amerigo the discoverer…as if it were the land of Americus or America”). He continued to provision ships bound for the West Indies, but his opportunities were diminishing; Columbus's expeditions were not providing the hoped-for profits, and his patron, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco Medici, was using other Florentine agents for his business in Seville. In February, he was summoned by the king to consult on matters of navigation. [23] The only source for this last voyage is the Soderini Letter;[24] but several modern scholars dispute Vespucci's authorship of that letter and it is uncertain whether Vespucci undertook this trip. The Soderini Letter gave Vespucci credit for discovery of this new continent and implied that the Portuguese map was based on his explorations. Vespucci's reputation as an explorer and presumed navigator had already reached Portugal, and he was hired by the king to serve as pilot under the command of Gonçalo Coelho. The Introduction was written in Latin and included a Latin translation of the Soderini Letter. The Vespuccis were a prominent family and friends with the powerful Medicis, who ruled Italy for more than 300 years. [35], In April 1507, Ringmann and Waldseemüller published their Introduction to Cosmography with an accompanying world map. On 17 August 1501 they reached Brazil at a latitude of about 6° south. Along the way they had business in Bologna, Milan, and Lyon. From there the fleet split up: Ojeda proceeded northwest toward modern Venezuela, while two ships headed south with Vespucci aboard. Author of. Italian navigator. Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land. Within a short span of time, the maps started becoming popular along with stories written by Vespucci chronicling his explorations. Instead, he was mostly educated by one of his uncles, Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, who was a monk. The only record of the southbound journey comes from Vespucci himself. “America” is a feminine Latin term for his surname Amerigo. Religion: Roman Catholic. Seville, Spain. He was 57 years old; the cause of death remained unknown. Amerigo Vespucci was born and raised in Florence on the Italian Peninsula. In a preface to the Letter, Ringmann wrote, I see no reason why anyone could properly disapprove of a name derived from that of Amerigo, the discoverer, a man of sagacious genius. In 1503 or 1504 he claimed – or somebody using his name did – that in 1497 he had sailed to the mainland of the New World, before Columbus, and discovered Brazil. As a boy Vespucci was given a humanistic education by his uncle Giorgio Antonio. 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