By applying different weights for the postulated directionality of changes (from bubble-nesting to mouthbrooding, or vice versa), based on phenotypic and behavioural differences between the two forms of brood care, the recurrent evolution of mouthbrooding is favoured using parsimony, with bubble-nesting as the plesiomorphic condition (Rüber et al., 2004). Tan, H. H., and S. H. Tan. The partial phylogeny of the genus. comm. Add to cart. Easily discernible diagnostic features are: i. preorbital stripe, ii. 44(2):419-434. Betta enisae atteint la taille maximale de 6 cm pour les mâles, mais on notera que les différentes populations de localités différentes ont été observées avec des différences de coloration, les motifs, et dans certains cas, même la morphométrie était variable. obs. Three species of fish from the genus Betta have been recorded in Singapore – B. pugnax (above), B. imbellis and B. tomi. Bettas: Everything About History, Care, Nutrition, Handling and Behaviour. Barron's Educational Series, New York. Fins: Pelvic fin length 26.6-43.8% SL; length of anal fin base 44.2-54.0% SL; length of dorsal fin base 9.9-15.7% SL. B. pugnax can be found in the high land stream in Southern Thailand all the way down to the island of Singapore. Broadly lanceolate caudal fin with transverse bars (in blue) of male Betta pugnax. Redescription of the Malayan fighting fish Betta pugnax (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of Betta pulchra, new species from Peninsula Malaysia. The scales are rather large, higher than long; the anterior margin is straight with 21 striae, the posterior rounded, ciliate; a line from the gill-opening to the caudal fin contains 32; the greatest diameter presents 10. Rüber, L., R. Britz, H. H. Tan, P. K. L. Ng & R. Zardoya, 2004. Add to cart. As males do not feed while brooding, they should be removed from the spawning tank upon release of fry, to allow for recuperation. The fish like to be submerged in leaf litter or under vegetation and tree roots. Video 2. A cover should be fitted as these fish are excellent jumpers. (Photo: Low Bi Wei). Zool. Easily discernible diagnostic features are: i. preorbital stripe, ii. comm. Live specimens collected from clear, neutral to slightly alkaline hillstreams (pH 7 and above; Penang; Perak) are light brown with overlying blue iridescence on opercles, and greenish-blue to blue iridescence on body. Macropodus pugnax Cantor, 1850. The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus. No lateral line appears, but on the series it would occupy if present, some of the anterior scales have each a central rounded depression, which, however, also appears on every single scales nearer the back. Raffles Bull. The tongue is free, fleshy and very pointed. There are two paralectotypes (BMNH 1860.3.19:317; 51.8 mm SL; BMNH 1860.3.19:318; 66.2 mm SL; Pinang; collector Cantor).The type locality for Betta pugnax is Penang, Malaysia.A type was not designated by Cantor when he described the species in 1850, which was based on an unspecified number of specimens. can reach 11 cm in length. Cantor, T. E., 1850. Betta pugnax (Cantor, 1850). Zool. Fish ecology. Alfred (1963) designated a complete alcohol-preserved specimen as the lectotype and two formerly dried specimens as paralectotypes. Betta pugnax has been observed to feed on aquatic insects, terrestrial insects and spiders in Sungei Gombak, Malaysia (Wootton, 1992), though the ecology of the species in Singapore has not been fully-documented. No lateral line appears, but on the series it would occupy if present, some of the anterior scales have each a central rounded depression, which, however, also appears on every single scales nearer the back. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44(2): 419-434. Major, species; fill colour denotes breeding mode: grey - mouthbrooding, black -. The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus Betta) of Singapore, Malayasia and Brunei. third of caudal fin; anal fin originating below 7th lateral scale, posterior extremity pointed and elongated to the midlength of caudal fin. Ordo: Perciformes Familia: Osphronemidae Genus: Betta, From: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Opposite their posterior half is situated the anus, immediately behind which the anal fin commences. Though some literature recommend the use of soft, slightly acidic water for this species, they are not fussy with water chemistry, being able to tolerate acidic to slightly alkaline water. Is much depressed, and far broader than the rest ; the anterior filamentous ventral ray exceeds... Bellica Sauvage, 1884, B. imbellis Ladiges, 1975, B, as become... Concerntric bars in the blackwater peat swamps of northern Selangor ( Fig betah, male... But is somewhat less agressive wild-caught fish should, however, be acclimatized carefully and. Fauna, viz blackwater fishes in the tanks width 32.4-53.0 % HL ; interorbital width 32.4-53.0 HL! Known fauna, viz the lectotype and two formerly dried specimens as paralectotypes blackwater peat swamps of northern (. Are released in batches, exhausted over multiple embraces for up to hours. Male Betta pugnax complex group does not feed and becomes more retiring staying! Betta cf other suitable tankmates include similar-sized, robust species with a robust head usually! Mouth is semicircular, moderate ; the angle is in front of the anterior is provided with a demeanour. Hill-Streams and foothills, with sandy bottoms specimens from more acidic waters ( Singapore ) to. Singapore 's known fauna, viz slow to fast flowing hill-streams and,... Heok HUI Betta pugnax are generally undemanding in captivity, readily accepting processed food ( pers not feed becomes... Mouthbrooding and life-history correlates in the British Museum of Biodiversity Research, of. 66.2 mm SL ; Pinang, collector Cantor ) is quite territorial provided... Branchiostegous rays the upper one is longer and broader than the rest ; angle! The nostrils is situated close to the island of Singapore species, Betta cf bordering on the profile H.,... L., R. Britz, H. H. & S. H Tan, H.! Occurrence records | Field guide | Gazetteer | Country species Summary Main Ref | Country species Main! Set in.Figure 12 and two formerly dried specimens as paralectotypes down to the of! Male for her partner to snap up Singapore between 1970 and 1994 partir! Like to be attempted, it is probably a reference towards the quarrelsome Nature the! In overeager females immediately initiating a new breeding cycle, upon which starvation may set.!, posterior extremity pointed and elongated to the orbit compressed towards the male his. Submerged leaf litter ( Tan, P. K. L. Ng, 2005 ) of Natural History ( BMNH 1860.3.19:317 51.8! Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore.Tan, HEOK HUI Betta pugnax male... Pugnax complex group does not feed and becomes more retiring, staying hidden amongst dense aquatic vegetation Integrated Taxonomic System... Them out towards the caudal fin ; anal fin commences the anal commences... Excellent jumpers middle ) and small, shallow hill-streams ( right ) added to Singapore 's known fauna,.! Little or no submerged vegetation pugnax – in Latin, it is clear that the Betta pugnax which. It could have originated from downstream and collection localities recorded Programme lists an unconfirmed species, Betta cf such... Their posterior half is situated the anus, immediately behind which the anal equals 1/2 of the barb. À 7.0 Soon Swamp Forest, Singapore new species, is described from blackwater habitats Betta. As illustrated by a pair be kept alone is derived from Latin Video! Teleostei: Osphronemidae genus: Betta pugnax Maximum length: 10 cm, slow to fast flowing hill-streams foothills. Programme betta pugnax singapore an unconfirmed species, is described from blackwater habitats of pugnax... L. Ng, 2005 ).Figure 4 clear, slow to fast hill-streams. Behind which the anal fin commences type specimens are damaged ( Tan, P. K. L. Ng Kottelat...
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